Analysis of risk factors leading to anxiety and depression in patients with prostate cancer after castration and the construction of a risk prediction model.

BACKGROUND: Cancer patients often suffer from severe stress reactions psychologically, such as anxiety and depression. Prostate cancer (PC) is one of the common cancer types, with most patients diagnosed at advanced stages that cannot be treated by radical surgery and which are accompanied by complications such as bodily pain and bone metastasis. Therefore, attention should be given to the mental health status of PC patients as well as physical adverse events in the course of clinical treatment. AIM: To analyze the risk factors leading to anxiety and depression in PC patients after castration and build a risk prediction model. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was performed on the data of 120 PC cases treated in Xi'an People's Hospital between January 2019 and January 2022. The patient cohort was divided into a training group (n = 84) and a validation group (n = 36) at a ratio of 7:3. The patients' anxiety symptoms and depression levels were assessed 2 wk after surgery with the Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) and the Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS), respectively. Logistic regression was used to analyze the risk factors affecting negative mood, and a risk prediction model was constructed. RESULTS: In the training group, 35 patients and 37 patients had an SAS score and an SDS score greater than or equal to 50, respectively. Based on the scores, we further subclassified patients into two groups: a bad mood group (n = 35) and an emotional stability group (n = 49). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that marital status, castration scheme, and postoperative Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) score were independent risk factors affecting a patient's bad mood (P < 0.05). In the training and validation groups, patients with adverse emotions exhibited significantly higher risk scores than emotionally stable patients (P < 0.0001). The area under the curve (AUC) of the risk prediction model for predicting bad mood in the training group was 0.743, the specificity was 70.96%, and the sensitivity was 66.03%, while in the validation group, the AUC, specificity, and sensitivity were 0.755, 66.67%, and 76.19%, respectively. The Hosmer-Lemeshow test showed a χ2 of 4.2856, a P value of 0.830, and a C-index of 0.773 (0.692-0.854). The calibration curve revealed that the predicted curve was basically consistent with the actual curve, and the calibration curve showed that the prediction model had good discrimination and accuracy. Decision curve analysis showed that the model had a high net profit. CONCLUSION: In PC patients, marital status, castration scheme, and postoperative pain (VAS) score are important factors affecting postoperative anxiety and depression. The logistic regression model can be used to successfully predict the risk of adverse psychological emotions.

Biphasic Rapid Culture in Differential Diagnosis of Tuberculosis.

Context: Early intervention and treatment are key measures for tuberculosis (TB) prevention and control, making early, rapid, and accurate diagnostic methods crucial. The Liquid-solid (Biphasic) rapid cultures is a novel tool for the differential diagnosis of tuberculosis. Objective: The study intended to evaluate the value of the biphasic cultures by comparing it to the acid-fast staining and liquid cultures, which have been the traditional gold-standard technology, to determine its value in the diagnosis of TB. Design: The research team conducted an experimental study. Setting: The study took place at the Affiliated Wuxi Fifth Hospital of Jiangnan University in Wuxi, China. Participants: Participants were 221 patients with suspected pulmonary tuberculosis who had been admitted to the hospital between July 2020 and December 2021. Outcome Measures: Using three methods-liquid-solid (biphasic) culture, acid-fast staining, and mycobacterial growth indicator tube (MGIT) 960 liquid culture, the research team tested participants' sputum samples: (1) for sensitivity; (2) for time to positive culture results, and (3) for differential diagnosis. Results: The biphasic culture's sensitivity was significantly higher than that of acid-fast staining, (P = .0003), and no significant difference existed between it and the MGIT 960 liquid cultures. The biphasic cultures's mean time to positivity was significantly shorter than that of the MGIT 960 liquid culture at the intervals 11-20 d (P < .0001) and 21-35 days (P = .0001). Moreover, the biphasic cultures could preliminarily differentiate nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) from mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB), which is a significant advantage in tuberculosis diagnosis. Conclusions: This study highlights the potential of a biphasic culture as a reliable tool for the rapid differential diagnosis of tuberculosis, with a faster detection cycle and a higher sensitivity than conventional methods. The biphasic cultures is a valuable addition to the tuberculosis diagnostic armamentarium and can help improve patients' outcomes by enabling earlier diagnosis and treatments.

Evaluation of virulence of Klebsiella pneumoniae using zebrafish behavior as a biological indicator.

INTRODUCTION: Klebsiella pneumoniae is one of the common pathogenic bacteria that can cause infections in hospitals and communities and can cause respiratory, urinary, and other multi-system infections. In recent years, the emergence of highly virulent and drug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae has greatly increased the difficulty of treatment for infection. Clinically, it is very important to accurately judge the virulence of isolated Klebsiella pneumoniae for treatment, but there is no better method to evaluate its virulence. METHODS: In this study, zebrafish were used as a model organism, and the swimming distance was used as a detection index to identify clinically isolated Klebsiella pneumoniae. In this study, we selected two different strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae, i.e., NTUH-K2044 and ATCC BAA-1705, with known high and low virulence, respectively, to infect zebrafish juveniles and evaluated their behavioral ability according to different bacterial concentrations and different developmental times. RESULTS: It was found that highly virulent Klebsiella pneumoniae caused a significant decrease in the behavioral ability of zebrafish larvae, while low-virulence Klebsiella pneumoniae had relatively little effect. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that it is entirely feasible to assess the virulence of Klebsiella pneumoniae based on behavioral ability.

Activation of ß2-adrenergic Receptor Alleviates Collagen-induced Arthritis by Ameliorating Th17/Treg Imbalance.

Background: Recent research in our laboratory shows that CD4+ T cells express the ß2 adrenergic receptor (ß2-AR), and the sympathetic neurotransmitter norepinephrine regulates the function of T cells via ß2-AR signaling. However, the immunoregulatory effect of ß2-AR and its related mechanisms on rheumatoid arthritis is unknown. Objective: To explore the effects of ß2-AR in collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) on the imbalance of T helper (Th) 17/ regulatory T (Treg) cells. Methods: In DBA1/J mice, collagen type II was injected intradermally at the tail base to prepare the CIA model. The specific ß2-AR agonist, terbutaline (TBL), was administered intraperitoneally beginning on day 31 and continuing until day 47 after primary vaccination, twice a day. Magnetic beads were used to sort CD3+ T cells subsets from spleen tissues. Results: In vivo, ß2-AR agonist TBL alleviated arthritis symptoms in the CIA mice including histopathology of the ankle joints, four limbs' arthritis score, the thickness of ankle joints, and rear paws. After TBL treatment, in the ankle joints, the levels of proinflammatory factors (IL-17/22) notably decreased and the levels of immunosuppressive factors (IL-10/TGF-ß) significantly increased. In vitro, ROR-γt protein expression, Th17 cell number, mRNA expression and the releasing of IL-17/22 from CD3+ T cells reduced following TBL administration. Moreover, TBL enhanced the anti-inflammatory responses of Treg cells. Conclusion: These results suggest that ß2-AR activation exerts anti-inflammatory effects through the amelioration of Th17/Treg imbalance in the CIA disease.

Bartonella Prevalence and Genome Sequences in Rodents in Some Regions of Xinjiang, China.

In this study, we investigated Bartonella infection and its genetic diversity in rodents in Beitun, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China. Small mammals were captured using snap traps at four sampling sites in 2018. Spleen and liver tissues were collected and cultured to isolate Bartonella strains. Whole-genome sequencing was performed on the strains identified as Bartonella by gltA gene PCR, and the average nucleotide identity (ANI) of the genomes was calculated by using FastANI v1.33. Phylogenetic trees were constructed for the samples positive for Bartonella spp. by the gltA PCR assay based on 1,290-bp gltA genes, 2,903-bp rpoB genes, and core-genome single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Among 66 rodents, 11 were positive for Bartonella, with an infection rate of 16.67%. The rodent infection rates in different tissues (χ2 = 2.133; P = 0.242), species (χ2 = 9.631; P = 0.141), and habitats (χ2 = 4.309; P = 0.312) did not show statistical differences. Bartonella spp. isolated from the rodents were phylogenetically divided into six clades (two different Bartonella species were detected in two rodents). By comparing phylogenetic trees based on gltA genes, rpoB genes, and SNPs, we found that the topological structures of several evolutionary trees are different. However, the Bartonella strains isolated in this study were clustered into six clusters in different phylogenetic trees. Broad distributions and high genetic diversity of Bartonella strains were observed among rodents in Beitun, Xinjiang. IMPORTANCE Rodent-borne Bartonella species have been associated with zoonotic diseases. Bartonella species such as Bartonella elizabethae, Bartonella grahamii, and Bartonella tribocorum can cause disease in humans. Humans can be infected by blood-sucking arthropods through the scratches and bites of an infected reservoir host or via contact with infectious rodents. Xinjiang is one of the provinces with the most abundant species of Bartonella in China, but there are few reports about the prevalence of Bartonella in the Beitun area. This research aims to investigate the occurrence and prevalence of Bartonella infection in rodents at these sampling sites and provide a basis for the prevention and control of rodent Bartonella species in Beitun and the surrounding areas of Xinjiang.

Mechanism study of chlorogenic acid alleviating macrophage activation / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE To observe the effects of chlorogenic acid on the activation of macrophage induced by lipopolysaccharide （LPS）， and to explore the role of triggering receptors expressed on myeloid cells-2 （TREM2） in the action. METHODS To find a suitable LPS concentration， the cells were cultured with 1， 10 and 100 ng/mL LPS for 24 h. The level of interleukin 6 （IL-6） in the cell culture supernatant and protein expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase （iNOS） in the cells were detected. To search for a suitable chlorogenic acid concentration， the cells were divided into control group， LPS group and three chlorogenic acid （0.01， 0.1 and 1 μmol/L）+LPS groups. The levels of tumor necrosis factor α （TNF-α） and IL-1β in the cell culture supernatant， the protein expressions of iNOS and TREM2 in the cells and cell viability were detected. To observe the effects of TREM2 in chlorogenic acid alleviating macrophage activation， TREM2-small interfering RNA （TREM2-siRNA） was taken to intervene in TREM2 protein expression. The cells were divided into control group， LPS group， chlorogenic acid+LPS group， TREM2-siRNA+chlorogenic acid+LPS group and SC-siRNA+chlorogenic acid+LPS group. After 24 h incubation， the levels of TNF- α and IL-1β in the cell culture supernatant and protein expressions of TREM2， iNOS and nuclear factor κB p65 （NF-κB p65） in the cells were detected. RESULTS 10 ng/mL LPS promoted IL-6 release and increased iNOS protein expression， and 10 ng/mL LPS was taken in the next experiments. Compared with the LPS group， 0.1 μmol/L chlorogenic acid decreased TNF-α jiaji1981@126.com and IL-1β levels， and down-regulated iNOS expression，meanwhile increased TREM2 expression without effect on cell viability， and 0.1 μmol/L chlorogenic acid was taken in the next experiments. Compared with the control group， the protein expressions of iNOS and NF- κB p65 in the LPS group were significantly increased （P＜0.05）； compared with the LPS group， the protein expressions of iNOS and NF- κB p65 in the chlorogenic acid+LPS group were significantly decreased， the protein expressions of TREM2 was significantly increased （P＜ 0.05）； compared with the chlorogenic acid+LPS group， the protein expressions of iNOS and NF-κB p65 of TREM2-siRNA+ chlorogenic acid+LPS group were significantly increased， the protein expressions of TREM2 was significantly decreased （P＜0.05）. TREM2-siRNA could significantly reverse the above effects of chlorogenic acid， while SC-siRNA did not significantly affect the above anti-inflammatory effects of chlorogenic acid. CONCLUSIONS Chlorogenic acid can inhibit the LPS-induced macrophage activation， and its anti-inflammatory may be mediated by TREM2 protein.

LASS2/TMSG1 overexpression inhibits proliferation and promotes apoptosis of human lung cancer A549 cells possibly by upregulating ceramide and p38 MAPK to activate a signaling cascade / 南方医科大学学报

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the effects of LASS2/TMSG1 gene overexpression on proliferation and apoptosis of human lung cancer A549 cells and explore the possible mechanism.@*METHODS@#We examined LASS2/TMSG1 expression level in a previously constructed A549 cell line overexpressing LASS2/TMSG1 using Western blotting. The proliferation and apoptosis of the cells were detected using colony-forming assay, CCK-8 assay, Hoechst/PI double staining and flow cytometry. Fourteen nude mice were randomized into 2 groups (n=7) to receive subcutaneous injection of A549 cells with or without LASS2/TMSG1 overexpression on the back of the neck, and the cell proliferation in vivo was observed. The expression levels of p38 MAPK protein and p-p38 MAPK protein in the xenografts were detected with Western blotting. ELISA was used to detect the levels of ceramide and p38 MAPK protein in cultured A549 cell supernatants and the xenografts in nude mice.@*RESULTS@#Compared with the negative control cells, A549 cells with LASS2/TMSG1 overexpression had significantly lowered proliferation ability in vitro with increased early apoptosis rate (P < 0.05), and showed obvious growth inhibition after inoculation in nude mice(P < 0.05). Western blotting showed that in both cultured A549 cells and the xenografts in nude mice, LASS2/TMSG1 gene overexpression significantly increased the expression levels of p38 MAPK protein and p-p38 MAPK protein (P < 0.05); the results of ELISA also revealed significantly increased levels of ceramide and p38 MAPK protein in the cell supernatant andxenografts as well (P < 0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#Overexpression of LASS2/TMSG1 gene can significantly inhibit the proliferation and promote early apoptosis of human lung cancer A549 cells both in vitro and in vivo possibly by upregulating the expressions of ceramide and p38 MAPK protein to activate a signal transduction cascade.

Clinical efficacy of analysis of modified biliary-intestinal anastomosis by pancreaticoduodenec-tomy and influencing factors of postoperative biliary leakage / 中华消化外科杂志

Objective:To investigate the clinical efficacy of modified biliary-intestinal anasto-mosis by pancreaticoduodenectomy and influencing factors of postoperative biliary leakage.Methods:The propensity score matching and retrospective cohort study was conducted. The clinicopatholo-gical data of 165 patients with benign and malignant diseases around the ampullary who underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy in the Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University from June 2014 to October 2020 were collected. There were 92 males and 73 females, aged (59±10)years. Of the 165 patients, 44 patients undergoing modified biliary-intestinal anastomosis within pancreatico-duodenectomy were divided into the modified group, and 121 patients undergoing traditional biliary-intestinal anastomosis within pancreaticoduodenectomy were divided into the traditional group. Observation indicators: (1) propensity score matching and comparison of general data of patients between the two groups after matching; (2) intraoperative and postoperative situations; (3) analysis of influencing factors of biliary leakage after pancreaticoduodenectomy. Propensity score matching was done by the 1:1 nearest neighbor matching method, with the caliper setting as 0.05. Measurement data with normal distribution were represented as Mean± SD, and comparison between groups was conducted using the t test. Measurement data with skewed distribution were represented as M( Q1, Q3), and comparison between groups was conducted using the Mann-Whitney U test. Count data were described as absolute numbers, and comparison between groups was conducted using the chi-square test or Fisher exact probability. Univariate analysis was conducted using the corresponding statistical methods based on data type. All indicators in univariate analysis were included in multivariate analysis. Multivariate analysis was conducted using the Logistic regression model. Results:(1) Propensity score matching and comparison of general data of patients between the two groups after matching. Of the 165 patients, 72 cases were successfully matched, including 36 cases in the modified group and 36 cases in the traditional group, respectively. The elimination of jaundice, preoperative reduction of jaundice and hypertension confounding bias ensured comparability between the two groups after propensity score matching. (2) Intraoperative and postoperative situations. All patients in the two groups underwent surgery successfully. The operation time, postoperative pathological type (lower bile duct cancer, pancreatic head cancer, pancreatic cystic tumor, chronic pancreatitis, duodenal cancer), time of no drainage fluid in the drainage tube around biliary-intestinal anastomosis were 371(270,545)minutes, 6, 12, 1, 2, 15, (12±7)days in patients of the modified group, versus 314(182,483) minutes, 13, 14, 1, 4, 4, (16±8)days in patients of the traditional group, showing significant differences in the above indicators between the two groups ( Z=-3.54, χ2=10.01, t=-2.34, P<0.05). Cases with postoperative grade A biliary leakage was 0 in patients of the modified group, versus 6 in patients of the traditional group, showing a significant difference between the two groups ( P<0.05). Cases with postoperative grade B biliary leakage, cases with postoperative grade B pancreatic fistula, cases with postoperative bleeding, cases with abdominal infection, cases with incision infection, cases with delayed gastric emptying, cases undergoing unplanned readmission were 1, 0, 1, 4, 1, 5, 1 in patients of the modified group, versus 0, 1, 2, 5, 2, 5, 2 in patients of the traditional group, showing no significant difference in the above indicators between the two groups ( P>0.05). Cases with postoperative grade A pancreatic fistula, cases with overall complications, cases with Clavien-Dindo grade Ⅰ-Ⅱ complications, cases with Clavien-Dindo grade Ⅲ-Ⅳ complications were 6, 12, 6, 6 in patients of the modified group, versus 7, 14, 8, 6 in patients of the traditional group, showing no significant difference in the above indicators between the two groups ( χ2=0.09, 0.24, 0.36, 0.00, P>0.05). None of patient in the two groups had postoperative grade C biliary leakage and postoperative grade C pancreatic fistula. (3) Analysis of influencing factors of biliary leakage after pancreaticoduodenectomy. Results of multivariate analysis showed that preoperative reduction of jaundice and traditional biliary-intestinal anastomosis were independent risk factors for biliary leakage after pancreaticoduodenectomy ( odds ratio=11.37, 12.27, 95% confidence interval as 1.76-73.35, 1.14-131.23, P<0.05). Conclusions:Compared with traditional biliary-intestinal anastomosis, modified biliary-intestinal anastomosis within pancreaticoduodenectomy is safe and feasible. Preoperative reduction of jaundice and traditional biliary-intestinal anastomosis are independent risk factors for biliary leakage after pancreaticoduodenectomy.

A multi-center study of biochemical and hotspot gene screening for neonatal genetic metabolic diseases / 中华实用儿科临床杂志

Objective:To investigate the efficiency of biochemical screening and hotspot gene screening in the detection of neonatal inherited metabolic diseases.Methods:This was a prospective multi-center study.The study was carried out on 21 442 neonatal samples collected from 12 hospitals in 10 provinces from November 2020 to November 2021.The results of biochemical screening and hotspot gene screening were analyzed jointly.Biochemical screening methods included glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency enzyme activity assay and neonatal tandem mass spectrometry.Genetic screening analysis involved 135 genes associated with 75 neonatal diseases.Results:Of all the 21 442 neonates enrolled in the study, 21 205 were subject to biochemical screening.A total of 813 cases were positive in the initial screening, and 0.45% of them (95 cases) were diagnosed after recall.All the 21 442 neonates underwent gene screening.About 168 positive cases were detected in the initial screening, and 0.73% (156 cases) of them were confirmed finally.Biochemical and genetic screening improved the detection sensitivity of such diseases as primary carnitine deficiency, neonatal intrahepatic cholestasis caused by citrin deficiency, and 2-methylbutyrylglycinemia.Moreover, biochemical and genetic screening enabled the detection of more diseases, including the common single-gene genetic diseases such as thalassemia and Wilson disease.Conclusions:In neonatal screening, the combination of biochemical screening and gene screening expands the number of diseases detected and improve screening efficiency.

Expression of TUBB4B in mouse primary spermatocyte GC-2 cells and its regulatory effect on NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathway / 南方医科大学学报

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the interaction between Tubulin beta 4B class IVb (TUBB4B) and Agtpbp1/cytosolic carboxypeptidase- like1 (CCP1) in mouse primary spermatocytes (GC-2 cells) and the role of TUBB4B in regulating the development of GC-2 cells.@*METHODS@#Lentiviral vectors were used to infect GC-2 cells to construct TUBB4B knockdown and negative control (NC-KD) cells. The stable cell lines with TUBB4B overexpression (Tubb4b-OE) and the negative control (NC-OE) cells were screened using purinomycin. RT-qPCR and Western blotting were used to verify successful cell modeling and explore the relationship between TUBB4B and CCP1 expressions in GC-2 cells. The effects of TUBB4B silencing and overexpression on the proliferation and cell cycle of GC-2 cells were evaluated using CCK8 assay and flow cytometry. The signaling pathway proteins showing significant changes in response to TUBB4B silencing or overexpression were identified using Western blotting and immunofluorescence assay and then labeled for verification at the cellular level.@*RESULTS@#Both TUBB4B silencing and overexpression in GC-2 cells caused consistent changes in the mRNA and protein expressions of CCP1 (P < 0.05). Similarly, TUBB4B expression also showed consistent changes at the mRNA and protein after CCP1 knockdown and restoration (P < 0.05). TUBB4B knockdown and overexpression had no significant effect on proliferation rate or cell cycle of GC-2 cells, but caused significant changes in the key proteins of the nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) signaling pathway (p65 and p-p65) and the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway (ErK1/2 and p-Erk1/2) (P < 0.05); CCP1 knockdown induced significant changes in PolyE expression in GC-2 cells (P < 0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#TUBB4B and CCP1 interact via a mutual positive regulation mechanism in GC-2 cells. CCP-1 can deglutamize TUBB4B, and the latter is involved in the regulation of NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways in primary spermatocytes.

MiR-181a-5p Delivered by Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cell Exosomes Alleviates Klebsiella pneumonia Infection-Induced Lung Injury by Targeting STAT3 Signaling.

Background: Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneu) is a leading cause of gram-negative pneumonia, which requires effective treatment. Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell- (ADSC-) derived exosomal microRNAs (miRNAs) have presented the inhibitory effect of multiple diseases. However, the function of ADSC-derived exosomal miRNAs in K. pneu remains unclear. Aim: In this study, we aimed to explore the effect of ADSC-derived exosomal miR-181-5p on K. pneu infection-induced lung injury. Methods: C57BL/6 mouse model was established by infection of K. pneu. ADSCs and exosomes were extracted and characterized in vitro. The translocation of ADSC-derived exosomes to bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) was detected. The level of miR-181a-5p was detected by real-time PCR. The secretion of inflammatory factors was determined by ELISA. The interaction between miR-181a-5p with STAT3 was identified. Results: We successfully isolated the ADSCs that express positive markers CD90 and CD105 rather than CD31 and CD45. The exosomal miR-181a-5p secreted by ADSCs were internalized by BMDM and K. pneu infection stimulated the miR-181a-5p level in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and BMDM. ADSC-derived exosomal miR-181a-5p repressed pulmonary outgrowth and dissemination of K. pneu infection in mice, repressed cellular infiltration in lung tissue, and attenuated the inflammasome activity and the levels of IL-1ß and IL-18 in the lung. Mechanically, miR-181a-5p was able to inhibit STAT3 expression at posttranscriptional levels and repressed Nlrp3 and Asc expression in BMDM. Conclusion: Consequently, we concluded that ADSC-derived exosomal miR-181a-5p alleviated Klebsiella pneumonia infection-induced lung injury by targeting STAT3 signaling. ADSC-derived exosomal miR-181a-5p may serve as a potential candidate for the treatment of Klebsiella pneumonia infection-induced lung injury.

Application of GIS Technology-Supported Cross Media Fusion Method Based on Deep Learning in Landscape Performance Evaluation.

GIS technology can provide reasonable and sustainable data support for landscape planning and ecological development and make wetland landscape planning consider the spatial layout of landscape and the optimal allocation of resources more. The key technologies of cross media intelligence mainly focus on intelligent information retrieval, analysis and reasoning, knowledge map construction, and intelligent storage. Convolutional neural network (CNN), as one of the representative algorithms of deep learning, plays an important role in retrieving landscape data and extracting image and text features across media. Further retrieval of media data, in-depth text processing, and image feature data extraction are realized by using deep learning technology, and comprehensive in-depth analysis is carried out by combining landscape plane images, three-dimensional images, and vector information in GIS technology. Provide quantitative information for the evaluation system of human landscape, economy, history, and region, so as to formulate a scientific and reasonable performance evaluation system.

Effect of Problem-Oriented Evidence-Based Nursing on Clinical Recovery and Prognosis in Patients with Arrhythmia after Acute Myocardial Infarction.

Background: To probe into the influence of evidence-based nursing (EBN) on clinical recovery and prognosis of patients with arrhythmia after acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Methods: Totally, 240 AMI patients with arrhythmia treated in Taizhou People's Hospital (Jiangsu, China) from July 2019 to December 2020 were collected and randomly divided into the study group (n = 120) and control group (n = 120). The control group was received routine nursing, while the study group carried out EBN. The following indicators were evaluated and compared between the two groups: length of hospital stay, symptom disappearance time, cardiac function, psychological status, and incidence of adverse events after 6 months of follow-up were. Results: Compared to the control group, the length of hospital stay, symptom disappearance time, LVEF (left ventricular ejection fraction), LVEDD (left ventricular end-diastolic diameter), SAS (self-rating anxiety scale) score and SDS (self-rating depression scale) score in the study group were significant improves (P < 0.05), and the incidence of adverse events after 6-month follow-up in the study group was also significantly lower than that in the control group (P < 0.05). Conclusion: EBN intervention for AMI patients with arrhythmia can significantly improve the length of hospital stay and symptom disappearance time, adjust cardiac function and psychological status, and reduce the incidence of adverse events.

Safety and efficacy of coronary angiography and percutaneous coronary intervention via distal transradial artery access in the anatomical snuffbox: a single-centre prospective cohort study using a propensity score method.

BACKGROUND: This study investigated the safety and efficacy of coronary angiography (CAG) and percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) via distal transradial artery access (d-TRA). METHODS: For this single-centre prospective cohort study, a total of 1066 patients who underwent CAG or PCI procedures from September 2019 to November 2020 were included. Patients were divided into two groups: the d-TRA group (346) and the conventional transradial artery access (c-TRA) group (720) based on access site. A total of 342 pairs of patients were successfully matched using propensity score matching (PSM) for subsequent analysis. RESULTS: No significant differences in puncture success rate, procedural method, procedural time, sheath size, contrast dosage or fluoroscopy time were noted between the two groups. The puncture time in the d-TRA group was longer than that in the c-TRA group (P < 0.01), and the procedure success rate was lower than that in the c-TRA group (90.94% vs. 96.49%, P = 0.01). The haemostasis time in the d-TRA group was shorter than that in the c-TRA group (P < 0.01), and the visual analogue scale (VAS) was lower than that in the c-TRA group (P < 0.01). In addition, the prevalence of bleeding and haematoma in the d-TRA group was lower than that in the c-TRA group (1.75% vs. 7.31%, P < 0.01; 0.58% vs. 3.22%, P = 0.01, respectively). No significant difference in the incidence of numbness was noted between the two groups. No other complications were found in two groups. CONCLUSION: d-TRA is as safe and effective as c-TRA for CAG and PCI. It has the advantages of improved comfort and fewer complications. Trail registration Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, ChiCTR1900026519.

Human neutrophil peptide 1 promotes immune sterilization in vivo by reducing the virulence of multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae and increasing the ability of macrophages.

By studying the expression in patients and cell modeling in vitro, antimicrobial peptides for Klebsiella were screened. Killing curve and membrane permeability experiments are used to study the antibacterial effect of antimicrobial peptides in vitro. Cytotoxicity-related indicators including lipopolysaccharide (LPS), capsule polysaccharide (CPS), and outer membrane protein expression were measured. Intranasal inoculation of pneumoconiosis was used to construct a mouse infection model, and the survival rate and cytokine expression level were tested. Human neutrophil peptide 1 (HNP-1) showed a significant antibacterial effect, which improved the permeability of the outer membrane of K. pneumoniae. Moreover, HNP-1 decreased LPS, CPS content, and outer membrane proteins. K. pneumoniae infection decreased antimicrobial peptide, oxidative stress, and autophagy-related genes, while HNP-1 increased these genes. After coculture with macrophages, the endocytosis of macrophages is enhanced and the bacterial load is greater in the K. pneumoniae + peptide group. Besides, higher levels of pp38 and pp65 in the K. pneumoniae + peptide group. HNP-1 rescued the cytotoxicity induced by K. pneumoniae. The survival rate is significantly improved after K. pneumoniae is treated by HNP-1. All cytokines in the peptide group were significantly higher. HNP-1 promotes immune sterilization by reducing the virulence of multidrug-resistant K. pneumoniae and increasing the ability of macrophages.

Differential Expression of Long Non-coding RNA Cancer Susceptibility Candidate 2 and Imprinted Gene H19 in Extrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma / 中国医学科学院学报

Objective To investigate the expression and the potential roles of long non-coding RNA(lncRNA)cancer susceptibility candidate 2(CASC2)and imprinted gene H19 in extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma(ECC). Methods Four samples from patients with ECC were collected for high-throughput sequencing which was conducted to reveal the transcriptomic profiles of lncRNA CASC2 and H19.Bioinformatics tools were employed to predict the potential roles of the two genes.Another 22 ECC tissue samples and the cholangiocarcinoma cell lines(RBE,QBC939,HuH-28,and HuCCT1)with different degrees of differentiation were selected for validation.The para-carcinoma tissue and normal human intrahepatic biliary epithelial cell(HIBEC)were used as the control groups.The expression levels of lncRNA CASC2 and H19 in carcinoma tissue,para-carcinoma tissue,and cell lines were determined by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR).The correlation analysis was carried out for the clinical indicators of patients with the expression levels of the target genes. Results The two target genes showed significantly different expression between carcinoma tissue and para-carcinoma tissue(all P<0.05).Specifically,CASC2 had higher expression level in the carcinoma tissue than in the para-carcinoma tissue(t=1.262,P=0.025),whereas the expression of H19 showed an opposite trend(t=1.285,P=0.005).The expression levels of CASC2 in QBC939(t=8.114,P=0.015)and HuH-28(t=9.202,P=0.012)cells were significantly higher than that in the control group.The expression levels of H19 were significantly lower in RBE(t=-10.244,P<0.001),QBC939(t=-10.476,P<0.001),HuH-28(t=-19.798,P<0.001),and HuCCT1(t=-16.193,P=0.004)cells than in the control group.Bioinformatics analysis showed that CASC2 was mainly involved in the metabolic process and H19 in the development of multicellular organisms.Both CASC2 and H19 were related to catalytic activity.The expression level of lncRNA CASC2 was correlated with pathological differentiation(χ 2=6.222,P=0.022)and lymph node metastasis(χ2=5.455,P=0.020),and that of lncRNA H19 with pathological differentiation(χ2=1.174,P=0.029)and tumor size(χ2=-0.507,P=0.037). Conclusions In the case of ECC,lncRNA CASC2 and H19 have transcription disorders.lncRNA CASC2 is generally up-regulated in the carcinoma tissue,while H19 is down-regulated.Both genes have the potential to become new molecular markers for ECC.

Sex Difference in Emotion Recognition under Sleep Deprivation: Evidence from EEG and Eye-tracking.

Many psychiatric disorders are accompanied with sleep abnormalities, having significant influence on emotions which might worsen the disorder conditions. Previous studies discovered that the emotion recognition task with objective physiological signals, such as electroencephalography (EEG) and eye movements, provides a reliable way to figure out the complicated relationship between emotion and sleep. However, both of the emotion and EEG signals are affected by sex. This study aims to investigate how sex differences influence emotion recognition under three different sleep conditions. We firstly developed a four-class emotion recognition task based on various sleep conditions to augment the existing dataset. Then we improved the current state-of-the-art deep-learning model with the attention mechanism. It outperforms the best model with higher accuracy about 91.3% and more stabilization. After that, we compared the results of the male and the female group given by this model. The classification accuracy of happy emotion obviously decreases under sleep deprivation for both males and females, which indicates that sleep deprivation impairs the stimulation of happy emotion. Sleep deprivation also notably weakens the discrimination ability of sad emotion for males while females maintain the same as under common sleep. Our study is instructively beneficial to the real application of emotion recognition in disorder diagnosis.

Stereoselective Dehydroxyboration of Allylic Alcohols to Access (E)-Allylboronates by a Combination of C-OH Cleavage and Boron Transfer under Iron Catalysis.

Iron-catalyzed direct SN2' dehydroxyboration of allylic alcohols has been developed to access (E)-stereoselective allylboronates. Allylic alcohols with diverse structures and functional groups, especially derived from natural products, underwent smooth transformation. The six-membered ring transition state formed by allylic alcohols and iron-boron intermediate was indicated to be the key component involved in transfer of the boron group, activation of the C-OH bond, and control of the stereoselectivity.

[Quantitative analysis methods of white matter microstructure based on diffusion tensor imaging and its application in chronic pain research].

As the two essential components, the white matter and gray matter compose the central nervous system of the brain. Widely known that axons of neurons mainly form the white matter, and these formed nerve fibers are responsible for transmitting information among various brain regions to achieve the coordinated operation of the entire brain. Early research on the white matter could only be done by dissecting living animals or human cadavers, until Basser et al. proposed diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) technology in 1994, which could detect the diffusion characteristics of water in the brain in vivo noninvasively. Accordingly, this technology could be applied to investigate the diffusion movement of water in white matter to obtain the information of direction and micro-anatomy of white matter fiber bundles. With the advancement on the display and analysis of the anatomical structure of white matter fiber bundles, the exploration of microscopic pathological changes, and the assistance of clinical diagnosis and neurophysiological research, DTI technology has become one of the most popular topics in brain science research. Chronic pain refers to pain lasting more than three months, which not only seriously affects the patient's physical and social functions, but also dramatically reduces the quality of life. It was reported that long-term pain stimulation might cause pathological remodeling of the central nervous system, and abnormalities in white matter were found in imaging examinations of patients with chronic pain. This review introduces the quantitative analysis methods of white matter fiber bundle microstructure based on DTI and its application in chronic pain, and further discusses the application value of DTI technology on clinical research of chronic pain.

Development of a Droplet Digital Polymerase Chain Reaction for Sensitive Detection of Pneumocystis jirovecii in Respiratory Tract Specimens.

Background: Pneumocystis jirovecii is a human-specific opportunistic fungus that causes Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP), a life-threatening opportunistic lung infection that affects immunocompromised patients. P. jirovecii colonization may be linked to the transmission of the infection. The detection of P. jirovecii in immunocompromised patients is thus especially important. The low fungal load and the presence of PCR inhibitors limit the usefulness of quantitative PCR (qPCR) for accurate absolute quantification of P. jirovecii in specimens. Droplet digital PCR (ddPCR), however, presents a methodology that allows higher sensitivity and accuracy. Here, we developed a ddPCR method for detecting P. jirovecii DNA in respiratory specimens, and evaluated its sensitivity against qPCR. Materials and Methods: One bronchoalveolar fluid (BALF) sample each was collected from 82 patients with potential PCP to test the presence of P. jirovecii DNA using both ddPCR and qPCR, and samples with inconsistent results between the two methods were further tested by metagenomic next generation sequencing (mNGS). In addition, 37 sputum samples from 16 patients diagnosed with PCP, as well as continuous respiratory tract specimens from nine patients with PCP and treated with sulfonamides, were also collected for P. jirovecii DNA testing using both ddPCR and qPCR. Results: ddPCR and qPCR gave the same results for 95.12% (78/82) of the BALF samples. The remaining four specimens tested positive using ddPCR but negative using qPCR, and they were found to be positive by mNGS. Detection results of 78.37% (29/37) sputum samples were consistent between ddPCR and qPCR, while the other eight samples tested positive using ddPCR but negative using qPCR. The P. jirovecii load of patients with PCP decreased to undetectable levels after treatment according to qPCR, but P. jirovecii was still detectable using ddPCR. Conclusions: ddPCR was more sensitive than qPCR, especially at detecting low-pathogen-load P. jirovecii. Thus, ddPCR represents a useful, viable, and reliable alternative to qPCR in P. jirovecii testing in patients with immunodeficiency.